Some explicit solutions of the additive Deligne--Simpson problem and their applications. (Q1408806)

The author considers a problem related to the additive version of the Deligne-Simpson problem for three matrices. The latter is formulated like this: \textit{Give necessary and sufficient conditions on the conjugacy classes \(a,b,c\subset gl(n,{\mathbb C})\) so that there exist irreducible triples of matrices \(A\in a\), \(B\in b\), \(C\in c\) such that \(A=B+C\).} The matrices \(A\), \(B\), \(C\) are interpreted as matrices-residua of a Fuchsian system with three poles (i.e. a linear system of ordinary differential equations with logarithmic poles on Riemann's sphere). The author constructs three infinite series and two extra triples of such matrices \(A\), \(B\), \(C\) in the so-called \textit{rigid case}, i.e. when the sum of the dimensions of the three conjugacy classes \(a\), \(b\), \(c\) equals \(2n^2-2\). In this case for given conjugacy classes the triples are unique up to conjugacy. The Fuchsian systems with three poles and with matrices-residua \(A\), \(B\), \(C\) generalize the hypergeometric equation of Gauss-Riemann. The author constructs scalar products (except for one of the extra triples) for which \(A\), \(B\), \(C\) are self-adjoint. For the respective Fuchsian systems these products are monodromy invariant complex symmetric bilinear forms in the spaces of solutions. When the eigenvalues are real, then the matrices \(A\), \(B\), \(C\) and the scalar products are real as well. The author's results are related to results of \textit{A. Klyachko} [Sel. Math., New Ser. 4, 419--445 (1998; Zbl 0915.14010)] on three Hermitian or real symmetric matrices whose sum is \(0\).