On the Titchmarsh convolution theorem (Q1409064)

Let \(M\) be the set of all finite complex-valued Borel measures \(\mu\not\equiv0\) on \(\mathbf R\). Set \(l(\mu)=\inf(\text{supp}\,\mu)\). The classical Titchmarsh convolution theorem claims that if measures \(\mu_1, \mu_2,\dots,\mu_n\) belong to \(M\) and satisfy \(l(\mu_j)>-\infty\), \(j=1,2,\dots,n,\) then \[ l(\mu_1\ast\mu_2\ast\dots\ast\mu_n)=l(\mu_1)+l(\mu_2)+\dots+(\mu_n),\tag{1} \] where \(`\ast'\) denotes the operation of convolution. The authors prove that if \(\mu_1,\mu_2,\dots, \mu_{n-1}\in M\), \(n\geq3\), are linearly independent over \(\mathbf C\), satisfy the conditions: \[ | \mu_j| ((-\infty,x))=O(\exp(-c| x| )),\quad x\to-\infty,\quad\text{for all}\quad c>0,\tag{2} \] and \(\mu_n=\mu_1+\mu_2+\dots+\mu_{n-1}\), then (1) remains true. Condition (2) is sharp: the statement ceases to be true if `for all' in (2) is replaced with `there exists'. This theorem is derived from the following factorization theorem in the class \(H^\infty(\mathbf C_+)\) of functions analytic and bounded in the upper half-plane \(\mathbf C_+\): Let \(h\not\equiv0\) belong to \(H^\infty(\mathbf C_+)\). Suppose that \(h=g_1\cdot g_2\cdot \dots\cdot g_n\), where the functions \(g_j\), \(j=1,2,\dots,n\), \(n\geq3\), are analytic in \(\mathbf C_+\) and satisfy the conditions: (i) there exists \(H>0\) such that \(\sup\{\sum_{j=1}^n| g_j(z)| :0<\text{Im}\, z<H\}<\infty\); (ii) \(g_1,g_2,\dots,g_{n-1}\) are linearly independent over \(\mathbf C\) and \(g_n=g_1+g_2+\dots+g_{n-1}\). Then there exist constants \(b_j\in\mathbf R\) such that \(g_j(z)\exp(ib_jz)\in H^\infty(\mathbf C_+)\), \(j=1,2,\dots,n\). The proof of this theorem is based on the corollary of H.~Cartan second main theorem for analytic curves and on the representation for functions harmonic in \(\mathbf C_+\), which is of independent interest: Let \(u\) be a real-valued function harmonic in \(\mathbf C_+\), which satisfies the conditions: (i) there exists a sequence \(\{r_k\}_{k=1}^\infty\), \(r_k\to\infty\), such that \[ \int_0^\pi u^+(re^{i\varphi})\sin\varphi \,d\varphi\leq\exp(o(r)),\quad r=r_k\to\infty; \] (ii) there exists \(H>0\), such that \(\sup_{0<y<H}\int_{-\infty}^\infty| u(x+iy)| (1+x^2)^{-1}\,dx<\infty.\) Then \(u\) admits the representation \[ u(z)=\frac{y}{\pi}\int_{-\infty}^\infty\frac{d\nu(t)}{(t-x)^2+y^2}+ky,\quad z=x+iy\in\mathbf C_+, \] where \(k\in\mathbf R\) is a constant and \(\nu\) is a real-valued Borel measure on \(\mathbf R\) such that \[ \int_{-\infty}^\infty (1+t^2)^{-1}\,d| \nu| (t)<\infty. \]