Small divisors in nonlinear elliptic equations (Q1411086)

Most of the paper is devoted to the existence of \(2\pi\)-periodic solutions of ordinary differential equations of the form: \[ -u''+u+\varepsilon a(u^{(q)})=\varepsilon ^{\alpha} f,\tag{1} \] where \(f\) is a \(2\pi\)-periodic function, \(a\) a smooth function with \(a'(0)\not= 0\) and \(\varepsilon \) a small parameter, not necessarily positive, and \(q \geq 4.\) Three cases are studied separately depending on whether \(q\) is odd or \(q=2p\) is even with a perturbed nonlinear term of the form (2) \(\pm (-1)^p \varepsilon a(u^{2p})\), \(p\geq {2}\), \(a'(0)>0\), \(\varepsilon >0.\) If \(q\) is odd [resp. even with the sign \(+\) in (2)], the existence of a \(2 \pi \)-periodic solution of (1) is obtained, in a suitable Sobolev space, when \(\alpha =0\) and \( \varepsilon\) [resp. \(\varepsilon\)] is small enough. The case \(q\) even with the sign \(-\) in (2), is more subtle. If \(\alpha \) is a constant \(>(2p-2)^{-1}\), the authors state the existence of an open interval \(I_ {\alpha} \subset{(0,1)}\) such that there exists a \(2 \pi \)-periodic solution of (1), for \(\varepsilon \) small enough which does not belong to \(I_{\alpha}.\) The proofs are based on properties of Sobolev spaces, a-priori estimates for linearized equations, and the Nash-Moser iteration process. Similar results are announced, without proof, in \(\mathbb{R}^2,\) for equations of the form \( - \Delta \pm \varepsilon a(D^p u)= \varepsilon ^{\alpha} f \) with \(D^p u=\Delta ^2 u\) or \((\partial ^4 _x -\partial ^4 _y)u.\)