On the quotient ring by diagonal invariants. (Q1411971)

Let \(W\) be a finite Coxeter group, \(\mathfrak h\) its reflection representation, and \(\mathbb C[\mathfrak h]\) the ring of polynomial functions on \(\mathfrak h\). It is a classical fact that the ring of invariants \[ \mathbb C[\mathfrak h]^W=\{f\in \mathbb C[\mathfrak h]:w\cdot f=f \text{ for all }w\in W\} \] is a polynomial ring in \(\dim(\mathfrak h)\) variables. Furthermore, the coinvariant ring \[ \mathbb C[\mathfrak h]^{coW}=\frac {\mathbb C[{\mathfrak h}]}{\langle \mathbb C[{\mathfrak h}]^W_+\rangle } \] is a finite-dimensional vector space, isomorphic as a \(W\)-module to the regular representation \(\mathbb CW\) of \(W\). (Here, \(\langle \mathbb C[\mathfrak h]^W_+\rangle \) denotes the ideal of \(\mathbb C[\mathfrak h]\) generated by invariant polynomials without constant term.) Recently, attention has focused on a ``double'' analogue of the above results. The space \(\mathfrak h\) is replaced by \(\mathfrak h\oplus\mathfrak h^{*}\), and its corresponding diagonal \(W\)-action. In this paper the author proves the following theorem. Theorem. Let \(W\) be a finite Coxeter group. Let \(n\) be the rank of \(W\) and \(h\) the Coxeter number. Let \(\varepsilon\) be the sign representation of \(W\). Let \(D_W=\mathbb C[\mathfrak h\oplus\mathfrak h^{*}]^{coW}\). Then there exists a \(W\)-stable quotient ring \(R_W\) of \(D_W\) satisfying the following properties: (1) \(\dim R_W=(h+1)^n\); (2) \(R_W\) is \(\mathbb Z\)-graded with Hilbert series \(t^{-hn/2}(1+t+ \cdots+ t^h)^n\); (3) The image of \(\mathbb C[\mathfrak h]\) in \(R_W\) is the classical coinvariant algebra, \(\mathbb C[\mathfrak h]^{coW}\); (4) If \(W\) is a Weyl group, then as a \(W\)-module \(R_W\otimes \varepsilon\) is isomorphic to the permutation representation of \(W\) on the reduction of the root lattice modulo \(h+1\), written \(Q/(h+1)Q\). This result confirms conjectures of \textit{M. D. Haiman} [in J. Algebr. Comb. 3, 17-76 (1994; Zbl 0803.13010)].