On isomorphisms between deformation rings and Hecke rings (with an Appendix by Gebhard Böckle) (Q1411981)

Let \(k\) be a finite field of characteristic \(p\geq 3\). Let \(\overline\rho: G_{\mathbb{Q}}\to \text{GL}_2(k)\) be an irreducible, modular \(\text{mod\,}p\) representation of the absolute Galois group \(G_{\mathbb{Q}}\) of \(\mathbb{Q}\). It was proven by Wiles and Taylor that, in many cases, there is an isomorphism between certain deformation rings and Hecke rings associated to \(\overline\rho\) [\textit{A. Wiles}, Ann. Math. (2) 141, 443--551 (1995; Zbl 0823.11029); \textit{R. Taylor} and \textit{A. Wiles}, ibid. 141, 553--572 (1995; Zbl 0823.11030)]. The first step in their proof consists of establishing an isomorphism between the minimal deformation ring and minimal Hecke ring, and uses the so-called Taylor-Wiles (TW) systems. The author proposes a different approach in the case when \(\overline\rho\) is semistable that does not use TW systems. He uses the isomorphism of certain new quotients (Theorem 1): \(R^{Q\text{-new}}_Q\simeq \mathbb{T}^{Q\text{-new}}_Q\) of deformation rings and Hecke rings (\(R_Q\) and \(\mathbb{T}_Q\)), where \(Q\) denotes a certain finite set of primes not congruent to \(\pm1\pmod p\) at which \(\overline\rho\) is unramified. After this the lifting to an isomorphism \(R_Q\simeq \mathbb{T}_Q\) is carried out by applying the level lowering results of \textit{K. A. Ribet} and \textit{S. Takahashi} [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 11110--11114 (1997; Zbl 0897.11018)]. In the appendix to this article G. Böckle proves, assuming the isomorphism \(R_Q\simeq \mathbb{T}_Q\) for some finite set \(Q\), an isomorphism \(R_\phi \simeq\mathbb{T}_\phi\).