Periodic solutions of Liénard equations at resonance. (Q1413588)

By a careful phase-plane analysis, the authors derive sufficient conditions for the existence and nonexistence of \(2\pi\)-periodic solutions for the second-order ODE of Liénard type \[ x''(t)+f(x)x'+n^2x+\varphi(x)=p(t)=p(t+2\pi), \quad n\in \mathbb{N}, \] which generalize some previous results obtained by Lazer-Leach and Friedman-Lazer.