Harmonic analysis of the space BV. (Q1413725)

A function \(f \in L^1(\Omega)\), \(\Omega \subset R^d\), has bounded variation if \[ | f| _{\text{BV}(\Omega)} := \sup_{g\in C_c^1(\Omega, R^d), \| g\| _\infty \leq 1} \int_\Omega f\text{ div}(g) < \infty. \] The space \(\text{BV}(\Omega)\) of such functions is a Banach space when equipped with the norm: \[ \| f\| _{\text{BV}(\Omega)} = \| f\| _1+| f| _{\text{BV}(\Omega)}. \] Let \(D\) be the family of dyadic cubes in \(R^d\). Let \(\psi \in L^2(R^d)\) be a wavelet on \(R\). If \(E\) denotes the set of non-zero vertices of the unit cube in \(R^d\), and if \(e \in E\), then we write \(\psi^e = \psi^{e_1}(x_1)\dots \psi^{e_d}(x_d)\). For \(Q = 2^{-j}(k+[0,1]^d) \in D\) we define \(\psi_Q^e\) to be the wavelet \(\psi^e\) scaled relative to \(Q\). Let \(\widetilde{\psi^e}\) be the dual wavelet. For a tempered distribution \(f\) we define \(f_Q\) to be the vector of coefficients \(\langle f, \widetilde{\psi^e_Q} \rangle\). The paper under review provides the answer to the question: which values of \(\gamma\) satisfy the following inequality: \[ \sum_{Q \in D: | f_Q| > \epsilon | Q| ^\gamma} | Q| ^\gamma \leq C \epsilon^{-1} | f| _{\text{BV}(\Omega)}? \] Applications of the characterization of all such \(\gamma\)'s include almost characterizations of \(\text{BV}\) spaces, Gagliardo-Nirenberg-type inequalities and interpolation spaces between BV and Sobolev or Besov spaces.