Harmonic Besov spaces on the unit ball in \(\mathbf R^ n\). (Q1414922)

The paper is concerned with harmonic Besov spaces \(B^p\) over the Euclidean unit ball \(B\) in \({\mathbb R}^n\). Let \(d \nu\) be the normalized volume measure on \(B\) and put \(d \tau(x) = (1-| x| ^2)^{-n} \,d \nu(x) \). For \(1 \leq p \leq \infty\) the Besov space \(B^p\) consists of all those harmonic functions \(f\) on \(B\) where \[ ( 1- | x| ^2)^k \sum_{| \alpha | = k} \left| { \partial^{| \alpha| }f \over \partial x^{ \alpha}}(x) \right| \] belongs to \(L^p(B,d \tau)\) for some positive integer \(k > (n-1)/p\). The aim of the paper is to characterize \(B^p\) in terms of the Bergman kernel \(K_s(x,y)\) for some \(s > 0\). For example, the authors discuss equivalent conditions for a harmonic function \(f\) on \(B\) to be an element of \(B^p\). In particular, it turns out that \(B^p\) is independent of the integer \(k\) in the preceding definition. The main results of the article are the following. Let, for some \(s > 0\), \[ P_sf(x) = c_s \int_B K_s(x,y) f(y) (1-| y| ^2)^{s-1} \,d \nu(y) \] where \(c_s > 0\) is such that \(c_s (1-| y| ^2)^{s-1} \,d \nu(y)\) has mass one. Then, for \(1 \leq p \leq \infty\) and \(s >0\), the Bergman projection \(P_s\) is a bounded map from \(L^P(B, d \tau)\) onto \(B^p\). Moreover, one has \((B^p)^* = B^q\), where \(1/p+1/q=1\) and \( 1 \leq p < \infty\), under the pairing \[ \langle f,g \rangle = \int_B E_{m,s}f(y)E_{m,s}g(y) \,d \tau(y), \] with \(m > n-1\), \(s=m-n+1\) and \[ E_{m,s}u(x) = (1-| x| ^2)^m \int_B K_{s+m}(x,y)u(y)(1-| y| ^2)^{s-1} \,d \nu(y). \]