Conditions for admissibility of observation operators and boundedness of Hankel operators (Q1416667)

In this paper, systems of the form \(\dot{x}(t)=Ax(t)\), \(y(t)=Cx(t)\), \(t\geq 0\) are studied. Here \(A\) generates a \(C_0\)-semigroup on a Hilbert space \(H\) and \(C\) is a linear bounded operator from \(D(A)\), the domain of \(A\), to another Hilbert space \(Y\). The operator \(C\) is called an (infinite-time) admissible observation operator for \((T(t))_{t\geq 0}\) if there exists a constant \(K>0\) such that \(\| CT(\cdot)x\| _{L^2(0,\infty;Y)}\leq K \| x\| \) for \(x\in D(A)\). Admissibility guarantees that the output \(y\) is in \(L^2(0,\infty;Y)\). The main theme of this paper is to give new conditions for admissibility. One main result is as follows: Let \(A\) be the generator of the right shift semigroup on \(L^2(0,\infty;K)\), where \(K\) is finite-dimensional. Then \(C\in{\mathcal L}(D(A), Y)\) is admissible if and only if there exists a constant \(m>0\) such that \(\| C(sI-A)^{-1}\| _{HS} \leq \frac{m}{\sqrt{\text{ Re}\,s}}\) for all complex \(s\) with Re\(\,s>0\). Here \(\| \cdot\| _{HS}\) denotes the Hilbert-Schmidt norm of an operator. This equivalence is still true for completely non-unitary contraction semigroups if the co-generator has finite defect indices. If \(A\) generates a contraction semigroup on a Hilbert space, then this resolvent condition is at least sufficient for admissibility. In the case of the right shift semigroup on \(L^2(0,\infty)\), these new conditions translate into conditions for the boundedness of Hankel operators.