The effective surjectivity of \(\mod l\) Galois representations of 1- and 2-dimensional abelian varieties with trivial endomorphism ring (Q1417424)

Summary: \(\mod l\) Galois representations of 1- and 2-dimensional abelian varieties with trivial endomorphism ring are surjective for sufficiently large prime \(l\) as Serre proved. But he did not give an effective lower bound of \(l _{0}\) such that they are surjective for \(l>l_0\). We supply an effective evaluation of \(l_0\) by an ``elementary'' proof of the surjectivity. The proof uses the Masser-Wüstholz theorem and Kleidman and Liebeck's classification of the maximal subgroups of \(\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathbb{F}_l)\) and \(\mathrm{GSp}_4(\mathbb{F}_l)\).