A note on the Cochrane sum and its hybrid mean value formula. (Q1419739)

T. Cochrane introduced a sum analogous to the Dedekind sum as follows: \[ c(h,k)=\sum_{a \text{mod} k, (a,k)=1}\left(\left(\frac{\bar{a}}{k}\right)\right)\left(\left(\frac{ah}{k}\right)\right) \] where \(h\) is any integer, \(k\) is a positive integer, \(a\bar{a}\equiv 1 \mod k\) and \(((x))=x-[x]-1/2\) if \(x\) is not an integer; or \(((x))=0\) if \(x\) is an integer. The authors prove in this paper that, for \(k\geq 3\), \[ \sum_{1\leq h<k,(h,k)=1}K(h,1,k)C(h,k)=\frac{-1}{2\pi^2}k\phi(k)\prod_{p\parallel k}\left(1-\frac{1}{p(p-1)}\right)+O(k^{1+\epsilon}) \] where \[ K(m,n;k)=\sum_{b:(b,k)=1} e\left(\frac{mb+n\bar{b}}{k}\right) \] is the Kloostermam sum. The asymptotic formula for \( \sum K(h,1,r;k)C(h,k)\) is also given when \(k\geq 3\) and \((r,\phi (k))=1,\) where \[ K(m,n,r;k)=\sum\limits_{b:(b,k)=1} e\left(\frac{mb^r+n\bar{b}^r}{k}\right) \] is general Kloosterman sums. The authors do not mention any meaning of the result of this paper.