Principal ideals of numerical semigroups. (Q1420667)

A numerical semigroup \(S\) is an additive submonoid of \(\mathbb{N}\) which generates \(\mathbb{Z}\) as a group. If \(S\) is a numerical semigroup and \(0\neq x\in S\), then \((x+S)\cup\{0\}\) is also a numerical semigroup, called a PI-semigroup. This paper studies PI-semigroups. The author first shows that a numerical semigroup \(S\) is a PI-semigroup if and only if the least positive integer in \(S\) equals the minimal number of generators of \(S\) (i.e., \(S\) has the same multiplicity as embedding dimension). He then studies PI-semigroups where \(S\) is a special type of numerical semigroup; for example, when \(S\) is a symmetric, pseudo-symmetric, Arf, or saturated numerical semigroup.