A Landau-Zener formula for non-degenerated involutive codimension 3 crossings (Q1422188)

The evolution equations \[ \text{op}_h(H_0)\psi^h=o(h) \] are studied, where \(h\) is a small parameter, \(H_0\) is the Hamiltonian and \(\text{op}_h(p)\) denotes the semiclassical pseudo-differential operator of Weyl symbol \(p\). An explicit formula is derived for the energy transfer induced by the crossing, using two-scale Wigner measures. The proof is based on a normal form theorem which reduces the problem to an operator-valued Landau-Zener formula. The authors assume that the classical trajectories which hit the crossing set form the union of two involutive manifolds, with some non-degeneracy hypothesis, which covers the case of the Schrödinger equation with a matrix potential displaying a generic codimension 3 crossing.