Extension and lifting of polynomials (Q1423813)

A (continuous) \(n\)-homogeneous polynomial \(P\) from a Banach space \(X\) into a Banach space \(Y\) is a mapping of the form \(P(x)={A}(x,\ldots, x)\) where \({A}\) is a continuous \(n\)-linear map from \(X\times\ldots\times X\) into \(Y\). The space of all \(n\)-homogeneous polynomials from \(X\) into \(Y\) is denoted by \({\mathcal P}(^nX;Y)\). The subspace of all \(n\)-homogeneous polynomials from \(X\) into \(Y\) which map the unit ball of \(X\) onto a relatively compact subset of \(Y\) is denoted by \({\mathcal P}_K(^nX;Y)\). The authors prove that for a Banach space \(X\) the following are equivalent: (a) \(X\) is isomorphic to \(\ell_1(\Gamma)\) for some \(\Gamma\); (b) for all (or any) positive integer \(n\), each continuous linear surjection \(S: Z\to Y\) and every \(P\) in \({\mathcal P}(^n X;Y)\), there is \(\widetilde P\) in \({\mathcal P}(^nX;Z)\) such that \(P=S\circ \widetilde P\); (c) for all (or any) positive integer \(n\), each continuous linear surjection \(S: Z\to X\) and every \(P\) in \({\mathcal P}(^n Y;X)\), there is \(\widetilde P\) in \({\mathcal P}(^nY;Z)\) such that \(P=S\circ \widetilde P\). It is shown that the analogous result holds for \({\mathcal P}\) replaced by \({\mathcal P}_K\) if and only if \(X\) is an \({\mathcal L}_1\)-space. The authors also prove that a Banach space \(X\) is an \({\mathcal L}_\infty\)-space if and only if for all (or any) positive integer \(n\), each isomorphism \(J\) of \(Y\) into \(Z\) and every \(P\) in \({\mathcal P}_K(^n X;Y)\), there is \(\widetilde P\) in \({\mathcal P}_K(^nZ;Y)\) such that \(P=\widetilde P\circ J\). These results extend results for the lifting and extension of linear operators and the proof in the \(n\)-homogeneous case involves the application of the linear results to the linearisation of \(n\)-homogeneous polynomials. Examples are given of homogeneous polynomials which cannot be lifted or extended.