Local-global problem for Drinfeld modules. (Q1427980)

Let \(E\) be an elliptic curve over a number field \(K\). Let \(n\in \mathbb{N}\), \(n>1\), consider the group \(S_K(n, E)=\ker(E(K)/nE(K)\to \prod_{v\in M_K}E(K_v)/nE(K_v))\), where \(E(K)\) (respectively \(E(K_v)\)) denotes the \(K\)- (respectively \(K_v\)-) rational points on \(E\) and \(M_K\) is the set of all finite and infinite primes of \(K\). In [\textit{R. Dvornicich} and \textit{U. Zannier}, Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 129, 317--338 (2001; Zbl 0987.14016)] and independently in [\textit{Gerrit Jan van der Heiden}, Weil pairing and the Drinfeld modular curve, PhD thesis Groningen (2003)] it was shown that \(S_K(n,E)\) is trivial. This result constitutes a kind of Hasse principle in the number field case. It says that if \(P\) is a \(K\)-rational point of an elliptic curve \(E\) such that \(P\) is divisible by \(n\) in all the groups \(E(K_v)\) then \(P\) is divisible by \(n\) in the group \(E(K)\). For a global function field, i.e. a function field of a projective smooth absolutely irreducible curve \(X\) over a finite field \(\mathbb{F}_{q}\), the analogous problem can be formulated for a Drinfeld module \(\phi\) over a separable finite extension \(K\) of \(\mathbb{F}_q(X)\). Fix a point \(\infty\) on \(X\) and let \(A\) be the ring of functions in \(\mathbb{F}_q(X)\) which are regular outside \(\infty\). The natural morphism \(A\to K\) is denoted by \(\sigma\). A ring morphism \(\phi: A\to \text{End}_{\mathbb{F}_{q}}(\mathbb{G}_{a, K}); a\mapsto \phi_a\) defines a n \(A\)-module structure on \(K^{s}\) (the separable closure of \(K\)). Now \(\text{End}_{\mathbb{F}_{q}}(\mathbb{G}_{a, K})\cong K\{\tau\}\), where \(K\{\tau\}\) is the skew-polynomial ring in \(\tau\), with multiplication defined by the rule \(\tau k=k^q\tau \) for all \(k\in K\). If for all \(a\in A\), \(\phi_a=\sum_{i=0}^{r\deg a} k_i\tau^i\), \(k_{r\deg a}\in K^*\) and \(k_0=\gamma(a)\), then \(\phi\) is called a Drinfeld module of rank \(r\) over \(K\). For every extension \(L/K\), \(\varphi\) induces an \(A\)-module structure on \(L\) by \(\phi_a\cdot l=\sum k_i\tau^{i}(l)=\sum_ik_il^{q^{i}}\) for all \(l\in L\). In the paper \(E(L)\) denotes \(L\) with this \(A\)-module structure. Let \((a)\subset A\) be a principal prime ideal of \(A\). One can consider the \(E\)-modules \(E(L):= \phi_a(E(L))\) for all extensions of \(K\) and \(E[a]:=\ker (\phi_a)(K^s)\). In the paper the group \[ S(a, K) := \ker(E(K)/aE(K)\to \prod_{v\in M_K}E(K_v)/aE(K_v)) \] is studied. It is shown that in many cases this group is trivial. But also a family of examples of Drinfeld modules is given to show that the group can be arbitrarily large (this is done in section 5). The triviality of \(S(a,K)\) can be interpreted as a Hasse principle for divisibility by ``a'' in Drinfeld modules over \(K\). In section 2 of the paper the group \(S(a,K)\) is related to the galois cohomology group \(H^1(G, E[a])\) where \(G=\text{Gal}(K_0/K)\), \(K_0\) being the splitting field of the polynomial \(\phi_a(z)\). It is shown to be the intersection \(\cap_{w} \ker (\text{Res}_w)\) where \(\text{Res}_w\) are the restriction maps \(\text{Res}_w:H^1(G, E[a])\to H^1(D_w, E[a])\), \(D_w\) the decomposition group of \(w\) (a prime of \(K_0\)). In section 3 the group \(H^1(G, E[a])\) is studied. As a consequence it is shown that \(S(a, K)=0\) for every rank 1 Drinfeld module over \(K\). Section 4 studies the case of Drinfeld modules of rank 2. Let \(H:= G\cap SL_{2}(\mathbb{F}_q)\). Using the classification of subgroups of \(SL_2(\mathbb{F}_q)\) it follows that \(H\) can be of 6 different types. Detailed study of the different types enables to prove that \(S(a,K)=0\) in many cases. For instance corollary 15 of the paper states: Let \(q=p\) be a prime \(>2\). If \(\varphi\) is a Drinfeld module of rank 2 over \(K\) and \((a) \subset A\) is a prime ideal of degree 1 then \(S(a,K)=0\).