Orthogonality of some sequences of the rational functions and the Müntz polynomials. (Q1428091)

The authors consider the set \(\mathcal W\) of rational functions of the form \[ \prod_{k=0}^{n-1}\,\left( s-{a\overline{\alpha_k}+b\over c\overline{\alpha_k}-a}\right)\Biggr/ \prod_{k=0}^n\,(s-\alpha_k), \tag{1} \] where \(\alpha_k\;(k\geq 0)\) are different complex numbers satisfying \[ c\alpha_i\overline{\alpha_j}-a(\alpha_i + \alpha_j)-b>0 \] and \(a,b,c\in\mathbb R,\;a^2+b>0\). Introducing the curve \[ \Gamma=\{s\in\mathbb C: c| s| ^2-2a\text{Re}\,s-b=0\}, \] the poles and zeros of the functions (1) are on different sides of \(\Gamma\) and a scalar product on \({\mathcal W}\times{\mathcal W}\) is given by \[ (W_n,W_m)={1\over 2\pi i}\int_{\Gamma}\, W_{\max{(m,n)}}(s){\widetilde W}_{\min{(m,n)}}(s){ds\over cs-a}, \] where \[ {\widetilde W}_n(s) = \overline{W_n\left({a\overline{s}+ b\over c\overline{s}-a}\right)}. \] Introducing the Müntz polynomials generated by the \(\alpha_k\) through \[ {\mathcal P}= \left\{ p_n(x): p_n(x) = \sum_{k=0}^n\,a_kx^{\alpha_k}, a_k\in\mathbb C, n\geq 0 \right\}, \] the scalar product on \({\mathcal P}\times {\mathcal P}\), given by \[ (f,g)_{\ast}(x)=\int_0^1\, f(x)\ast {\overline g(x)}\,dx \] with \[ x^{\alpha}\ast x^{\beta} = x^{\alpha\beta - c(\alpha+\beta)-b-1}\quad (x>0;\alpha,\;\beta\in\mathbb C), \] it is shown that \[ (p_n,p_m)_{\ast}=(W_n,W_m). \]