\(H^{1}\)-boundedness of Riesz transforms and imaginary powers of the Laplacian on Riemannian manifolds (Q1428362)

Let \(M\) be a complete, noncompact Riemannian manifold. Let us denote by \(d\) the geodesic distance on \(M\), by \(dx\) the Riemannian measure, by \(\nabla\) the Riemannian gradient and by \(\triangle\) the Laplace-Beltrami operator. The Riesz transform on \(M\) is the operator \(R = \nabla\triangle^{-1/2}\). For \(u \in H^{1}(M)\) denote the linearized Riesz transform \(R_{u}\) by \[ R_{u}(f)(x) = \langle R(f)(x), \nabla u(x)\rangle = \langle \nabla\triangle^{-1/2}f(x), \nabla u(x) \rangle \] for all \(f \in C_{0}^{\infty}(M)\) and all \(x \in M\), where \(\langle \cdot , \cdot\rangle\) is the Riemannian inner product on the tangent space \(M\) at \(x\). The authors prove that \(R_{u}\) and \(\triangle^{i\beta}\) extend to a bounded operator \(H^{1}(M)\) with \[ \| \triangle^{i\beta}\| _{H^{1} \rightarrow H^{1}} \leq C \, (1 + \sqrt{| \beta| }e^{\pi| \beta| /2}) \] for all \(\beta \in \mathbb{R}\), provided \(M\) satisfies the doubling property and the Poincaré inequality.