Periodic points of multi-valued \(\varepsilon\)-contractive maps (Q1428730)
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English | Periodic points of multi-valued \(\varepsilon\)-contractive maps |
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Periodic points of multi-valued \(\varepsilon\)-contractive maps (English)
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29 March 2004
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Let \((X,d)\) be a nonempty metric space and let \((2^X,H_d)\) be the hyperspace of all nonempty compact subsets of \(X\) with the Hausdoff metric. A multivalued map \(F:X\to 2^X\) is said to be \(\varepsilon\)-contractive (\(\varepsilon>0\)) provided that for all \(x,y\in X\) with \(x\not= y\) and \(d(x,y)<\varepsilon\), \(H_d(F(x),F(y))<d(x,y)\). A point \(x\in X\) is said to be periodic for \(F:X\to 2^X\) if there are finitely many points \(x_0=x,x_1,\dots,x_n\) in \(X\) such that \(x_i\in F(x_{i-1})\) for each \(i=1,\dots,n\) and \(x\in F(x_n)\). The author establishes a general condition that guarantees the existence of a periodic point for an \(\varepsilon\)-contractive multivalued map \(F:X\to 2^X\). This condition holds when \(X\) is compact. Further the author proves that when \(X\) is a continuum (i.e., a nonempty compact connected metric space), a multivalued \(\varepsilon\)-contractive map \(F:X\to 2^X\) has a fixed point. As applications the author obtains theorems about the existence of periodic and fixed points for an \(\varepsilon\)-expansive open map \(f:Y\subset X\to X\).
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continuum
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contractive map
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\(\varepsilon\)-contractive map
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\(\varepsilon\)-expansive map
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Hausdorff metric
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fixed point
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hyperspace
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multi-valued map
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open map
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periodic point
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