Atomic decomposition in \(L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)\) \((1<p<2)\) (Q1428897)

A function \(\alpha(x)\) is said to be a \((p, \dot{L}^{2, s}\))-atom if \(\text{supp }\alpha \subset R\) for some cube \(R\subset\mathbb R^n\); \(\alpha\in \dot{L}^{2, s}\) with \(\| \alpha\| _{\dot{L}^{2, s}}\leq | R| ^{\frac12-\frac1p}\); and \(\alpha\) has vanishing moments up to order \([s]\). In this note, the author shows that homogeneous Sobolev spaces \(\dot{L}^{p, s}(\mathbb R^n)\), \(1<p<2\), admit atomic decompositions in terms of \((p, \dot{L}^{2, s}\))-atoms. Namely, for \(1<p<2\) and for any \(f\in \dot{L}^{p, s}(\mathbb R^n)\) there exist a sequence \(\{\lambda_m\}\in\ell^p\) and a sequence of \((p, \dot{L}^{2, s}\))-atoms \(\{\alpha_m(x)\}\) such that \(f(x)=\sum_m \lambda_m \alpha_m(x)\) and \[ C_1\, \left(\sum_m | \lambda_m| ^p\right)^{\frac1p} \leq \| f\| _{\dot{L}^{p, s}(\mathbb R^n)} \leq C_2\, \left(\sum_m | \lambda_m| ^p\right)^{\frac1p}. \] As it is pointed out by the author, characteristic functions do not appear in the estimate of the structure of the atomic decomposition given. This did not happen in the previous result by \textit{M. Frazier} and \textit{B. Jawerth} [Indiana Univ. Math. J. 34, 777--799 (1985; Zbl 0551.46018)]. The proof of such a result is based on the following: (1) Homogeneous Sobolev spaces \(\dot{L}^{p, s}(\mathbb R^n)\) can be characterized in terms of wavelets, and \(f\in \dot{L}^{p, s}(\mathbb R^n)\) if and only if its sequence of wavelet coefficients belongs to the corresponding tent space \(T_p^{s,2}\), see \textit{Y. Meyer} [Ondelettes et opérateurs II: Opérateurs de Calderón-Zygmund. (Actualités Mathématiques. Paris: Hermann, Éditeurs des Sciences et des Arts) (1990; Zbl 0745.42011)] and [Ondelettes et opérateurs III: Opérateurs multilinéaires. (Actualités Mathématiques. Paris: Hermann, Éditeurs des Sciences et des Arts) (1991; Zbl 0745.42012)]. (2) It is proved that there is an atomic decomposition for the tent space \(T_p^{s,q}\), \(1\leq p<q<\infty\).