Modulated Fourier expansions of highly oscillatory differential equations (Q1430504)

The authors study the long term behavior of highly oscillatory solutions of systems of differential equations of the form \[ x''+\Omega^2 x=g(x), \tag{\(*\)} \] with \(\Omega=\left(\begin{smallmatrix}0&0\\0&\omega I\end{smallmatrix} \right)\), \(\omega\gg 1\) and \(g(x)= -\nabla U(x)\). Their method is based on a technique, where the solution \(x(t)\) of \((*)\) is written as a modulated Fourier expansion \(x(t)=y(t)+\sum_{k\neq0}e^{ik\omega t} z^k(t)\), where \(y(t)\) and \(z^k(t)\) are smoothly varying functions. Their main result runs as following theorem: Let \(g(x)\) be analytic and bounded by \(M\) in the complex neighborhood \(D=\{x \in\mathbb C^n: \| x-\xi\| \leq R\text{ for some }\xi \text{ with }H(\xi ,0)\leq H(x(0),x'(0)) \}\) of the set of energetically admissible positions, where \(H(x,x')=\frac12(\| x'\|^2+|\Omega x\|^2)+Ux\). Let the initial values \(x(0)\) and \(x'(0)\) satisfy \(\frac12(\| x'(0)\|^2+|\Omega x(0)\|^2 \leq E\), where \(E\) is independent of \(\omega\). Then there exist positive constants \(\gamma\), \(C\), \(\widehat C\), \(\omega_0\), depending on \(E\), \(M\) and \(R\) (but not on \(\omega\)) such that for \(\omega \geq \omega_0\), \(\| I(x(t), x'(t))-I(x(0),x'(0))\| \leq C\omega^{-1}\) for \(0\leq t\leq \widehat C e^{\gamma\omega}\), with \(I(x, x')=\frac12(\| x'_2\|^2+\omega^2\| x_2\|^2)\), \(x=(x_1,x_2)\). Examples are given to illustrate the results obtained.