Puzzles and (equivariant) cohomology of Grassmannians (Q1431023)

In \textit{T. Tao} et al. [J. Am. Math Soc. 17, No. 1, 19--48 (2001; Zbl 1043.05111)] the authors introduced a new rule called a puzzle rule for computing Schubert calculus. In this paper the authors give an independent and nearly self-contained proof of the puzzle rule, they also give a formula for equivariant Schubert calculus on Grassmannians that is manifestly positive in the sense of \textit{W. Graham} [Duke Math. J. 109, 599--614 (2001; Zbl 1069.14055)]. In section 1 the authors state their main result as theorem 2. In section 2, the authors give a combinatorial definition of the equivariant cohomology ring of Gr\(_k(\mathbb C^n)\) stated in section 2.1. In section 2.2 they introduce well known facts about T-equivariant cohomology to apply it in section 2.3 to construct equivariant Schubert classes. In section 2.4 they show that the equivariant Schubert classes form a basis for the equivariant cohomology ring of Gr\(_k(\mathbb C^n)\), concluding in lemma 2 with some properties of the structure constants. In section 3 they state in proposition 2 an equivariant version of the Pieri rule and in theorem 3 they provide a recurrence relation on the structure constants. In corollary 1 and lemma 4 of the same section they introduce four identities numbered (1)-(4). In section 4 they prove indentities (1) and (4). In section 5 they prove identity (3). Finally in section 6 they compare their results with those of \textit{A. I. Molev} and \textit{B. Z. Sagar} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 351, 4429--4443 (1999; Zbl 0972.05053)] for multiplying factorial Schur functions (which are equivariant Schubert polynomials for Grassmannian permutations). They introduce cohomological formulations of their problem and a reformulation of their rule in terms of ``Molev-Sagan puzzles''. In the appendix to this paper they extend the standard combinatorial proof of the existence of Schubert classes to equivariant Schubert classes.