On VNR rings and p-injectivity. (Q1431398)

Let \(A\) denote an associative ring with identity. A right \(A\)-module \(M\) is said to be p-injective if for every principal right ideal \(P\) of \(A\), any right \(A\)-homomorphism of \(P\) into \(M\) extends to one of \(A\) into \(M\). If for every \(0\neq b\in A\), there exists a positive integer \(n\) such that \(b^n\neq 0\) and any right homomorphism of \(b^nA\) into \(M\) extends to one of \(A\) into \(M\), then \(M\) is said to be YJ-injective. The abbreviation VNR is used for von Neumann regular rings. A ring is called an ELT ring if every essential left ideal of \(A\) is an ideal of \(A\) and a MELT ring if any maximal essential left ideal (if it exists) is an ideal of \(A\). The results start with a characterization of strongly regular rings in terms of factor rings of \(A\) satisfying certain properties related to either p-injective or YJ-injective left ideals. It is shown that a ring \(A\) is an ELT VNR ring if and only if \(A\) is a semi-prime MELT ring whose essential right ideals are idempotent, which in turn is equivalent to \(A\) being semi-prime ELT such that, for any essential left ideal \(L\) of \(A\), either \(_AA/L\) is p-injective or \(A/L_A\) is flat. Several new conditions for a left Artinian ring \(A\) to be left Noetherian are found. For example, \(A\) is left Artinian iff any nonzero prime factor ring \(B\) is left YJ-injective.