Pseudo-differential operators in algebras of generalized functions and global hypoellipticity (Q1431626)

The definition of pseudo-differential operators acting on \({\mathcal G}_{\tau, {\mathcal S}}({\mathbb R}^n)\) with corresponding mapping properties of operators is given, formally by substitution of \(a\) and \(u\) in the classical definition \[ A u(x)=\int_{{\mathbb R}^{2n}} e^{i(x-y)\xi} a(x,y,\xi) u(y) \,dy\, d\xi, \quad A: S'({\mathbb R}^n) \to S'({\mathbb R}^n), \] by \(a_\varepsilon\) and \(u_\varepsilon(y)\widehat{\varphi_\varepsilon}(y)\), where \(a_\varepsilon=(a_\varepsilon)_\varepsilon\in \overline{\mathcal S}^m_{\Lambda,\rho}, u_\varepsilon= (u_\varepsilon)_\varepsilon\in {\mathcal E}_r({\mathbb R}^n),\) and \(\varphi\) is a fixed mollifier. The new algebra of generalized functions \({\mathcal G}_{\tau, {\mathcal S}}({\mathbb R}^n)={\mathcal E}_{r}({\mathbb R}^n)/{\mathcal N}_{\mathcal S}({\mathbb R}^n)\) containing \({\mathcal S}'({\mathbb R}^n)\) is considered instead of the more usual Colombeau algebra \({\mathcal G}_{\tau}({\mathbb R}^n)\), where the ideal \({\mathcal N}_\tau (R^n)\) of \({\mathcal G}_{\tau}({\mathbb R}^n)\) is substituted by the smaller one \({\mathcal N}_{\mathcal S}({\mathbb R}^n)\) modeled on \({\mathcal S}({\mathbb R}^n)\). The choice of \({\mathcal G}_{\tau, {\mathcal S}}({\mathbb R}^n)\) is motivated by the existence of a subalgebra \({\mathcal S}({\mathbb R}^n)\) of regular generalized functions \({\mathcal G}_{\mathcal S}^{\infty}({\mathbb R}^n)\) such that \({\mathcal G}_{\mathcal S}^{\infty}({\mathbb R}^n)\cap{\mathcal S}'({\mathbb R}^n)={\mathcal S}({\mathbb R}^n)\). The relationship with papers on pseudo-differential operators acting in \({\mathcal G}_{\tau}({\mathbb R}^n)\) is given and the novelty connected with weight functions is pointed out. In order to deal with the composition formula, a generalization of the Weyl symbols is presented. Utilizing a special set of hypoelliptic and elliptic symbols and corresponding pseudo-differential operators, the construction of a parametrix acting in \({\mathcal G}_{\tau, {\mathcal S}}({\mathbb R}^n)\) and some important regularity results are obtained. Finally, it is emphasized that the calculus constructed, in contrast to previous applications of Colombeau algebras to local problems, gives tools for the study of globally defined equations.