Necessary-sufficient conditions for permanence and extinction in Lotka-Volterra system with distributed delays (Q1431839)

The author considers the following autonomous two-species Lotka-Volterra competitive system with distributed delays \[ \frac{dx_{1}(t)}{dt} =x_{1}(t)\left( b_{1}-\sum_{j=1}^{2}\sum_{k=1}^{n}\int_{-\tau _{1j}^{(k)}}^{0}a_{1j}^{(k)}x_{j}(t+\theta )d\mu _{1j}^{(k)}(\theta )\right) , \] \[ \frac{dx_{2}(t)}{dt} =x_{\text{2}}(t)\left( b_{2}-\sum_{j=1}^{2}\sum_{k=1}^{n}\int_{-\tau _{2j}^{(k)}}^{0}a_{2j}^{(k)}x_{j}(t+\theta )d\mu _{2j}^{(k)}(\theta )\right) . \] Necessary and sufficient conditions for the system to be permanent are given and it is shown that \(x_{1}\) and \(x_{2}\) extinct if and only if the coefficients \(b_{1},b_{2}\) and \(A_{ij}=\Sigma _{k=1}^{n}a_{ij}^{(k)}\), \(i,j=1,2,\) in the system satisfy some inequalities, respectively.