Global existence of positive periodic solutions for a distributed delay competition model (Q1432866)

Consider the nonautonomous distributed delay competition model \[ u'(t)= u(t)\Biggl[r_1(t)- a_1(t) u(t)- b_1(t) \int^0_{-T} L_1(s) u(t+ s)\,ds-c_1(t) \int^0_{-T} K_1(s) v(t+ s)\,ds\Biggr], \] (*) \[ v'(t)= v(t)\Biggl[r_2(t)- a_2(t), v(t)- b_2(t) \int^0_{-T} L_2(s)v(t+ s)\,ds-c_2(t) \int^0_{-T} K_2(s) u(t+ s)\,ds\Biggr], \] with the initial values \[ \begin{gathered} u(t)= \phi(t),\;v(t)= \psi(t),\quad t\in [-T,0],\text{ and }\\v(\phi(t), \psi(t))^T\in C([- T,0],\mathbb{R}^2_+),\;\phi(0)> 0,\;\psi(0)> 0.\end{gathered}\tag{\(**\)} \] By using the continuation theorem of the coincidence degree theory, the authors investigate the global existence of a positive periodic solution for system \((*)\) with condition \((**)\). When \(x(t)\) is a continuous \(\omega\)-periodic function they use the notations \(\overline x={1\over\omega} \int^\omega_0 x(t)\,dt\) and \(| x|_0= \max_{t\in [0,\omega]}| x(t)|\). The main result of this paper is the following theorem: ``Assume that the system of equations \[ (\overline a_1+\overline b_1) e^x+ \overline c_1 e^y= \overline r_1,\quad (\overline c_2 x^x+\overline a_2+\overline b_2) e^y= \overline r_2, \] has a unique solution \((x_0,y_0)^T\in \mathbb{R}^2\). In addition, suppose that \[ \begin{gathered} \overline r_2-\overline c_2\exp\Biggl(\min\Biggl\{\min\Biggl\{\ln{\overline r_1\over\overline a_1+\overline b_1}, \ln{\overline r_2\over\overline c_2}\Biggr\}+ (|\overline r_1|_0+ \overline r_1),\, \ln\Biggl|{r_1\over a_1}\Biggr|_0\Biggr\}\Biggr)> 0,\\ \overline r_1-\overline c_1\exp\Biggl(\min\Biggl\{\min\Biggl\{\ln{\overline r_2\over\overline a_2+\overline b_2}, \ln{\overline r_1\over\overline c_1}\Biggr\}+ (| r_1|_0+\overline r_2),\, \ln\Biggl|{r_1\over a_2}\Biggr|_0\Biggr\}\Biggr)> 0.\end{gathered} \] Then the model \((*)\) with the initial condition \((**)\) has at least one positive \(\omega\)-periodic solution.'' As applications, two examples are given to show that this main result improves and extends known results.