Über den letzten Fermatschen Satz für \(n = 4\) und für \(n = 3\). (Q1486075)

The author proves that the Fermat equations \(x^4 + y^4 = z^2\) and \(x^3 + y^3 = z^3\) are not solvable in \(\mathbb Z[i]\) and \(\mathbb Z[\rho]\), respectively, where \(\rho\) is a primitive cube root of unity. He begins by explaining the role of the Euclidean algorithm in connection with unique factorization and shows that the rings \(\mathbb Z[i]\) and \(\mathbb Z[\rho]\) are Euclidean with respect to the norm. Then he gives Hilbert's proof of the unsolvability of the \(\varepsilon \alpha^4 + \beta^4 = \gamma^2\) for elements in \(\mathbb Z[i]\), where \(\varepsilon\) is a power of \(i\), and a similar proof for the cubic case.