Unique normal form of Bogdanov-Takens singularities (Q1566840)

Normal forms are standard tools of geometrical methods in the theory of ordinary differential equations. There are many methods of getting the unique normal forms in regular cases or in some special cases. Early, A. Bader and J. Sanders introduced a new grading function method for planar vector fields to get further reduction of normal forms for the so-called Bogdanov-Takens singularities. They obtained unique normal forms for some cases of Bogdanov-Takens singularities. Later, \textit{H. Kokubu, H. Oka} and \textit{D. Wang} [J. Differ. Equations 132, No. 2, 293-318, Art. No. 0181 (1996; Zbl 0876.34040)] developed a method of the new grading function and they defined \(n\)th-order normal forms in terms of \(n\) Lie brackets. In this paper, the authors apply the abovementioned method (after improving some technique of computation) to solve some open problems in the theory of unique normal forms.