Equivariant \(K\)-theory, wreath products, and Heisenberg algebra (Q1568656)

Let \(X\) be a locally compact, Hausdorff, paracompact \(G\)-space, where \(G\) is a finite group. Let \(X^n\) denote the \(n\)th direct product of \(X\). Then \(X^n\) admits a natural action on the wreath product \(G_n= G\cdot S_n\), which is a semidirect product of \(G^n\) and the symmetric group \(S_n\). This paper is concerned with studying the equivariant topological \(K\)-theory \(K_{G_n} (X^n)\) and discussing its applications. The author's starting points is Segal's work [\textit{G. Segal}, ``Equivariant \(K\)-theory and symmetric products'', preprint (1996)]. To extract first the author from the introduction: ``Our results above (theorems 1-4) generalize Segal's work, and our proofs are direct generalizations of those in the above Segal's paper. What Segal studied there is the space \(\bigoplus_{n\geq 0}K_{S_n} (X^n)\otimes \mathbb{C}\) for compact \(X\), which corresponds to our special case when \(G\) is trivial and then \(G_n\) is the symmetric group \(S_n\). Our present work grew out of an attempt to understand Segal's outlines and was also stimulated by Nakajima's lecture notes on Hilbert schemes [\textit{H. Nakajima}, ``Lectures on Hilbert schemes of points on surfaces'', Univ. Lect. Ser. 18, Am. Math. Soc. (1999)]. Our first main observation in this paper is that there is a natural way to add the group \(G\) into Segal's scheme and this allows several different applications, as discussed below. These applications are of independent interest as well. We expect that there is also a natural way to incorporate \(G\) into the remaining part of the Segal's paper.'' Set \(K_G(X)= K_G^0(X) \oplus K_G^1(X)\) and write \(\underline{K}_G(X)\) for its free part \(K_G(X) \otimes \mathbb{C}\). In the first five sections the author shows that a direct sum \({\mathcal F}_G(X)= \bigoplus_{n\geq 0}\underline{K}_{G_n} (X^n)\) carries the following structures: First of all a Hopf algebra structure is introduced. Successively the author defines a \(\lambda\)-ring structure together with the Adams operations in \({\mathcal F}_G(X)\) and gives an explicit description as a certain supersymmetric algebra. Making use of this description it is proved that \({\mathcal F}_G(X)\) is free and generated by \(\underline{K}_G(X)\) as a \(\lambda\)-ring, and that \({\mathcal F}_G(X)\) has the size of a Fock space of a certain finite-dimensional Heisenberg superalgebra. In the last section the author deals with the orbifold Euler characteristic \(e(X^n,G_n)\) and especially studies the case when \(X\) is the complex plane \(\mathbb{C}^2\) acted upon by a finite group \(G\) of \(SL_2(\mathbb{C})\).