Sobolev orthogonal polynomials: Interpolation and approximation (Q1572614)

The aim of the authors is to give the relations connecting the polynomials, which are orthogonal with respect to the bilinear form \[ (f,g)= (f(c_0), f(c_1),\dots, f(c_{N- 1})) A(g(c_0), g(c_1),\dots, g(c_{N- 1}))^T+ \langle u,f^{(N)} g^{(N)}\rangle\tag{\(*\)}, \] to the classical (Laguerre, Jacobi etc.) orthogonal polynomials. In \((*)\) \(N\) is a given positive integer, \(c_j\) \((j= 0,1,\dots, N-1)\) are certain distinct real numbers, \(A\) is an \(N\times N\) square matrix while \(u\) denotes a quasi-definite linear functional on the space of real polynomials. They suppose that all the principal submatrices of \(A\) are nonsingular. Their main result is that between the set of monic polynomials \(\{Q_n(x)\}\), which are orthogonal with respect to \((*)\), and that of monic polynomials \(\{P_n(x)\}\), which are orthogonal with respect to the functional \(u\), there is a relation of the form \[ Q^{(N)}_n(x)= n!(n- N)! P_{n- N}(x),\quad x\geq N.\tag{\(**\)} \] They show that the inverse of this result is also correct. Namely, given a set of polynomials \(\{P_n(x)\}\), which are orthogonal with respect to a regular linear functional \(u\), and \(N\) distinct numbers \(c_j\) \((j= 0,1,\dots, N-1)\), one can find an \(N\times N\) symmetric and quasi-definite real matrix \(A\) such that \(Q_n(x)\) defined by \((**)\) are orthogonal with respect to \((*)\) if \(Q_n(c_j)= 0\) for \(0\leq j\leq N-1\) and \(n\geq N\). Some applications of the above-mentioned polynomials to simultaneous polynomial interpolation and approximation are also shown.