Quadratically hyponormal weighted shifts and their examples (Q1572855)

For a bounded sequence \(\{\alpha_n\}^\infty_{n= 0}\) of positive numbers and the canonical orthonormal basis \(\{e_n\}^\infty_{n=0}\) for \(\ell^2_+\), let \(W_\alpha\) be a unilateral weighted shift defined by \(W_\alpha e_n= \alpha_n e_{n+1}\) for \(n\geq 0\). It is known that \(W_\alpha\) is hyponormal if and only if \(\alpha_n\leq \alpha_{n+1}\) \((n\geq 0)\). An operator \(T\) is quadratically hyponormal if \(T+ sT^2\) is hyponormal for every \(s\in \mathbb{C}\). In this paper, the authors give some characterizations of its weight sequence \(\{\alpha_n\}^\infty_{n= 0}\) for the case where \(W_\alpha\) is quadratically hyponormal and also consider the case where \(W_\alpha\) has some recursive weight. As a consequence, they prove that \(W_\alpha\) with some recursive weight is quadratically hyponormal if and only if it is positively quadratically hyponormal.