Hardy spaces and maximal operators on real rank one semisimple Lie groups. I (Q1572908)

Since the 1970s the Hardy spaces \(H^p\) were characterized by various maximal operators and the atomic characterization of \(H^p\) was developed at the same time. This fruitful \(H^p\) theory has been extended to homogeneous groups. The present paper is concerned with the Hardy space theory on nonhomogeneous groups. More precisely, let \(G\) be a semisimple Lie group of rank one, and \(K\) and \(A\) be its maximal compact subgroup and maximal Abelian subgroup, respectively. A \((1,P,0)\)-atom \(a\) on \(G\) is a function supported on a ball \(B(r)\) of radius \(r\) and centered at the origin of \(G\), satisfying the moment condition \(\int_0 a(g) dg= 0\) with its \(L^p\)-norm subjected to some restrictions. The atomic Hardy space \(H^1_{p,0}(G)\) is defined as the collection of translations of atoms: \[ H^1_{p,0}= \{f(g)= \sum\lambda_i a_{i,x_i}(g)= \sum \lambda_ia_i(x_ig),\quad \sum|\lambda_i|< \infty\}. \] For a smooth and compactly supported \(K\)-biinvariant function \(\Phi\) on \(G\), its dilation \(\Phi_t\) \((t>0)\) is \(\Phi_t(s)= {1\over t}\Delta(s)^{- 1}\Delta(s/t) \Phi(s/t)\), where \(\Delta(s)\) is the density of the measure \(dg= \Delta(s) dk ds dk\) relative to the Cartan decomposition \(G= K\text{ cl}(A^+)K\). Then the modified radial maximal operator \(M^\varepsilon_\varphi\) is given by \(M^\varepsilon_\varphi f(x)= \text{Sup}_{t>0}(1+ t)^{-\varepsilon}|f*\Phi_t(x)|\). The modified heat and modified Poisson maximal operators \(M^\varepsilon_H\), \(M^\varepsilon_P\) are given, respectively, as \[ M^\varepsilon_Hf(x)= \text{Sup}_{t>0} (1+ t)^{-\varepsilon}|f* h_t(x)|,\quad M^\varepsilon_P f(x)= \text{Sup}_{t> 0}(1+ t)^{-\varepsilon}|f*p_t(x)|, \] where \(h_t\), \(p_t\) are the heat and the Poisson kernels, respectively, on the Riemannian symmetric space \(G/K\). Using some metric properties of symmetric spaces of rank one and precise estimates of heat and Poisson kernels on these spaces obtained by Anker, the present author proves that the operators \(M^\varepsilon_\varphi\), \(M^\varepsilon_P\) (for \(\varepsilon> 0\)) and \(M^\varepsilon_H\) (for \(\varepsilon> 1/2\)) are bounded from \(H^1_{p,0}(G)\) to \(L^1(G)\).