Shock-wave-vortex interactions: Shock and vortex deformations, and sound production (Q1573475)

Shock wave-vortex interactions have been analyzed through extensive simulations. The approach relies on the numerical solution of the Euler equations by means of a weighted essentially nonoscillatory approach. A parametric study has been carried out to determine the effects of both shock strength and vortex intensity. The authors also give a theoretical analysis with the objective of formulating an acoustic analogy in order to clarify the sound production mechanism and its evolution in shock-vortex interactions. The main aim is to characterize the shock and vortex deformations and the sound generation mechanism, because it is a key feature in the broadband shock noise of supersonic jets under off-project conditions. The vortex deformation is found to depend upon the shock strength; in particular, an initially cylindrical vortex is deformed into an elliptical one and nutates with a nearly constant angular velocity. The ratio of minor to major axis of the vortex is shown to scale with the square root of the density ratio across the shock, and the sound generated through shock-vortex interactions exhibits a three-stage evolution. Finally, a quantitative comparison with numerical simulations shows that the acoustic analogy is a useful tool to provide reasonable estimates of acoustic fields.