Higher singularities and the twistor fibration \(\pi : \mathbb{C} P^3 \rightarrow S^4\) (Q1573693)

The authors use the Klein correspondences to write down an explicit relationship between two holomorphic curves, namely the directrix curve and the twistor lift, associated to a superminimal map from a Riemann surface to the 4-sphere \(S^4\). Let \(\psi: S\to\mathbb{C} P^n\) be a linearly full holomorphic curve, and \(L_0,L_1,\dots, L_n\) the line bundles of the trivial bundle \(S\times \mathbb{C}^{n+1}\), which form the Frénet frame of \(\psi\). By using the Koszul-Malgrange theorem, each bundle \(L_i\) may be endowed with the structure of a holomorphic line bundle, with a local section \(s_i\) of \(L_i\) being holomorphic if and only if the component \((\partial s_i/\partial\overline z)^\perp\) of \(\partial s_i/\partial\overline z\) orthogonal to \(L_i\) is equal to zero, where \(z\) is the complex coordinate on \(S\). Then the bundle map \(\partial_i: T^{1,0}S\otimes L_i\to L_{i+1}\) given by \(\partial_i({\partial\over\partial z}\otimes s_i)= ({\partial s_i\over\partial z})^\perp\) is holomorphic and has image in \(L_{i+ 1}\). The \(\psi\) is said to have singularity type \((r_0(p),\dots, r_{n-1}(p))\) at a point \(p\in S\) if, for \(i= 0,\dots, n-1\), the holomorphic bundle map \(\partial_i\) has a zero of order \(r_i(p)\) at \(p\) and call \(p\) a higher singularity of \(\psi\) if \(\sum_i r_i(p)> 0\). The authors prove the following results: (1) Let \(\widetilde\psi: S\to\mathbb{C} P^4\) be the directrix cruve of the superminimal map \(\phi: S\to S^4\) and \(\psi: S\to \mathbb{C} P^3\) be the twistor lift. If \(\widetilde\psi\) has singularity type \((r_0(p), r_1(p), r_1(p), r_0(p))\) at \(p\) then \(\psi\) has singularity type \((r_1(p); r_0(p), r_1(p))\) at \(p\). (2) Let \(\phi_j: S\to S^4\), \(j= 1,2\), be linearly full conformal minimal immersions with the same induced area and the same number \(k\) of umbilic points. If \(k\leq 2\) then \(k= 0\) or 2 and \(\phi_1\) may be deformed into \(\phi_2\) through maps of the same type.