Transversals for association schemes (Q1574809)

Let \(X\) be a set, \(r\subseteq X\times X\). We define \(1_X=\{(x,x)\mid x\in X\}\), \(r^*=\{(y,z)\mid (z,y)\in r\}\). For each element \(x\in X\) we set \(xr=\{y\in X\mid (x,y)\in r\}\). Let \(G\) be a partition of \(X\) such that \(1_X\in G\) and \(g\in G\) implies \(g^*\in G\). The pair \((X,G)\) is called association scheme if, for any three elements \(d,e,f\in G\) there exists a number \(a_{def}\) such that, for any two elements \(y,z\in X\), \((y,z)\in f\) implies that \(|yd\cap ze^*|=a_{def}\). We write \(1\) instead of \(1_X\). For any two elements \(e,f\in G\) we define \(ef=\{g\in G\mid a_{efg}\neq 0\}\). Let \(F\) be a nonempty subset of \(G\). For \(B\in \{X,G\}\) and each \(b\in B\), we define \(BF=\bigcup_{f\in F} bf\). For \(E\subseteq G\) we define the complex multiplication \(EF\) by \(\bigcup_{e\in E}eF\). We say that \(F\) is closed if, for any the two elements \(d,e\in F\), \(d^*e\subseteq F\). For \(H\subseteq G\) we denote by \(\langle H\rangle\) the intersection of all closed subsets of \(G\) which contain \(H\). Let \((X,G)\) be a scheme, and let \(H\) denote a closed subset of \(G\). Assume that \(H\) possesses a transversal in \(X\). Then the factor \((X,G)^H\) is a scheme (Theorem 2). We set \(\text{Inv}(G)=\{g\in G\mid |\langle \{g\}\rangle|=2\}\). Let \(L\subset \text{Inv}(G)\), \(g\in \langle L\rangle\), and \(N\subseteq L\). We set \(\mu_L(g)= \min\{j\in {\mathbb N}\mid g\in L^j\}\) and \[ T_L(N)=\bigcap_{h\in \langle N\rangle}\{g\in \langle L\rangle\mid \mu_L(g)+\mu_N(h)=\mu_L(gh)\}. \] The main result of this paper is the following theorem: Let \((X,G)\) be a scheme, and let \(L\) be a subset of \(\text{Inv}(G)\) such that \((X,G)\) is \(L\)-constrained. Then the following conditions are equivalent. (a) For each \(N\subset L\), \(T_L(N)\) is a transversal of \(\langle N\rangle\) in \(G\). (b) For each \(N\subset L\) with \(|N|\leq 2\), \(T_L(N)\) is a transversal of \(\langle N\rangle\) in \(G\). (c) \((X,G)\) is a Coxeter scheme with respect to \(L\).