Pazy-type characterization for differentiability of propagators of higher order Cauchy problems in Banach spaces (Q1576837)

The authors consider the general higher-order linear abstract Cauchy problem \[ u^{(n)}(t)+ \sum^{n-1}_{k=0} A_k u^{(k)}(t)= 0,\quad t\geq 0,\quad u^{(m)}(0)= u_m,\quad 0\leq m\leq n-1, \] where \(A_0,\dots, A_{n-1}\) are densely defined closed linear operators on a Banach space \(E\). The problem is said to be well-posed if (i) there exist dense subspaces \(d_0,\dots, d_{n-1}\) of \(E\) such that, for any \(u_0\in d_0,\dots, u_{n-1}\in d_{n-1}\), this one has a solution, (ii) there exists a nondecreasing positive function \(M(t)\) defined on \([0,\infty)\) such that \(\|u(t)\|\leq M(t) \sum^{n-1}_{k=0}\|u^{(k)}(0)\|\), \(t\geq 0\), for any solution \(u(t)\) to the problem. For the well-posed problem, let \(S_k(t)u:= u_k(t)\), \(t\geq 0\), \(u\in d_k\), \(0\leq k\leq n-1\), where \(u_k(\cdot)\) is the solution to the above equation with \(u^{(j)}_k(0)= \delta_{kj}u\) (\(\delta_{kj}\) is the Kronecker delta). The extensions of \(S_k(t)\) (for all \(t\geq 0\)) to bounded linear operators on \(E\) are called the propagators to the problem. The authors give a Pazy-type characterization of the infinitely differentiable propagators to the above problem and two sufficient criteria to be such ones. Two examples are given, the first one is the equation \[ u_{tt}- \xi\Delta u_t+ (\eta\Delta^4+ i\eta_1\Delta^2) u= 0,\quad (t,x)\in [0,\infty)\times \Omega, \] \(\Omega\) is a smooth bounded domain in \(\mathbb{R}^n\), \(\xi\in\mathbb{C}\), \(\text{Re }\xi> 0\), \(\eta>0\), \(\eta_1\in \mathbb{R}\), with appropriate initial-boundary conditions, viewed as an abstract Cauchy problem in some Hilbert space.