Moments and positivity (Q1576956)

It is known from Hilbert that not every real polynomial of two variables, nonnegative on \(\mathbb{R}^2\), can be written as a sum of squares of polynomials. Instead, as E. Artin proved, always such a polynomial can be written as a sum of squares of rational functions. One step forward, Bruce Reznick has recently proved that these rational functions can be chosen to have only a power of \(1+ x^2+ y^2\) in the denominator. The author proves a similar result with denominators of the type \((1+ x^2)^n(1+ y^2)^m\), with \(n\), \(m\) positive integers. The proofs are functional theoretic, adapted after the proofs of \textit{M. Putinar} and \textit{F. H. Vasilescu} [Ann. Math. (2) 149, No. 3, 1087-1107 (1999; Zbl 0939.44003)], where the reader can also find additional references on this subject.