A bi-Hamiltonian theory for stationary KdV flows and their separability (Q1577151)

The authors obtain stationary flows of the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) hierarchy by the double restriction process from a Central System (CS) with \(N \times N\) degrees of freedom: the first stationary reduction gives (CS\({}_2)\) hierarchy with \(N\) degrees of freedom and a further restriction leads to finite-dimensional systems that coincide with the stationary reductions of KdV. This process naturally provides the flows with Lax representation which implies their bi-Hamiltonian properties. Using the bi-Hamiltonian structure, the authors prove separability of these flows and show that the separation variables can be constructed algebraically.