Invariant characters and coprime actions on finite nilpotent groups (Q1581193)

A character \(\chi\) of a finite group \(K\) is called primitive, if there does not exist a proper subgroup \(H\) of \(K\) and character \(\psi\) of \(H\) such that \(\chi\) is induced from \(\psi\). In general it may happen that some character \(\eta\) of a finite group is induced from primitive characters \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) (of subgroups \(H_1\) and \(H_2\), respectively) of distinct degrees (i.e. \(\alpha(1)\neq\beta(1)\)). In this paper a lot of results are being proved centered around this theme. In particular, we have the following Theorem A. Let \(p\) be a prime, and assume that \(G\) is a \(p\)-solvable finite group of \(p\)-length 1. Suppose \(\chi\in\text{Irr}(G)\) has \(p\)-power degree. Then all primitive characters of subgroups of \(G\) that induce \(\chi\) have equal degree. From the several results obtained here, we mention a theorem dealing with \(M\)-groups (i.e. finite groups all of whose complex characters are monomial): Theorem D. Suppose \(G\) is an \(M\)-group, and let \(\alpha\in\text{Irr}(H)\) be primitive, where \(H\leq G\). Assume that \(G\) has \(p\)-length 1 and that \(|G:H|\) is a \(p\)-power. Then \(\alpha(1)^2\) divides \(|G:H|\). The methods used in proving the theorems are of intrinsic interest on their own account.