Asymptotics for polynomials satisfying a certain twin asymptotic periodic recurrence relation (Q1582349)

The authors study the sequence of polynomials \(B_n\;(n\geq 0)\) given by \[ B_{n+1}(z)=(z-\beta_{n+1})B_n(z)-\alpha_{n+1}zB_{n-1}(z),\;n\geq 1, \] with \(B_0(z)=1,\;B_1(z)=z-\beta_1\), where \(\beta_n>0, \alpha_{n+1}>0\;(n\geq 1)\). All polynomials have simple, positive zeros and the sequence is connected with two-point Padé approximation. The following conditions on the recurrence coefficients are used throughout the paper: \[ {\widehat\beta}=\lim_{N\rightarrow\infty}\sup_{1\leq n\leq N+1}\beta_n<\infty,\;{\widehat\alpha}=\lim_{N\rightarrow\infty}\sup_{2\leq n\leq N+1}\alpha_n<\infty,\tag{1} \] and \[ \beta^{(0)}=\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\beta_{2n}, \beta^{(1)}=\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\beta_{2n+1}, \alpha^{(0)}=\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\alpha_{2n}, \alpha^{(1)}=\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\alpha_{2n+1}. \tag{2} \] The first condition gives information on the smallest closed interval containing all zeros of the sequence \(\{B_n\}\) and the second states the asymptotic periodicity of the even and odd indexed sequences of coefficients. The main results on asymptotics are \[ \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}{B_{n+1}(z)\over B_{n-1}(z)}=R_2(z),\tag{a} \] with corollaries \[ \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}{B_{2n-1}(z)\over B_{2n}(z)}={z-\beta^{(1)}\over R_2(z)+\alpha^{(1)}z},\quad \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}{B_{2n}(z)\over B_{2n+1}(z)}={z-\beta^{(0)}\over R_2(z)+\alpha^{(0)}z}. \] and \[ \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}{B_n'(z)\over nB_n(z)}={R_2'(z)\over 2R_2(z)},\tag{b} \] where \[ R_2(z)={1\over 2}\left\{z^2-u_1z+u_2+\sqrt{(z^2-u_1z+u_2)^2-4u_3z^2}\right\}, \] with \(u_1=\beta^{(0)}+\beta^{(1)}+\alpha^{(0)}+\alpha^{(1)}, u_2=\beta^{(0)}\beta^{(1)}, u_3=\alpha^{(0)}\alpha^{(1)}\). The proofs use convergence results for chain sequences; the convergence is uniform in \(z\) on \({\bar{\mathbb C}}\setminus I\), with \(I\) the smallest closed interval containing all zeros of \(\{B_n\}\). After this, the authors turn to results on L-orthogonality: \[ \int_E t^{-n+s}B_n(t)d\psi(t)=\rho_n\delta_{s,n},\;0\leq s\leq n, \] with \(\psi\) a non-decreasing function on \(E\subset I\), and give several results on non-decreasing functions whose Stieltjes transform of \(1/(z-t)\) is connected with \(R_4(z)=R_2'(z)/2R_2(z)\) and so-called L-functions connected with \(R_4(z)\). The paper concludes with four worked examples; an interesting piece of research.