Representation of the space of polyanalytic functions as a direct sum of orthogonal subspaces. Application to rational approximations (Q1582835)

\(A_k\) is the set of \(k\)-analytic functions in the unit disk \(D=\{z:|z|<1\}\), where a function is called \(k\)-analytic in \(D\) if it satisfies the general Cauchy-Riemann equation \(\partial^kf(z)/\partial\bar{z}^k=0\) in \(D\). \(L_2\) is the space of functions square integrable over \(D\) and \(A_kL_2 =L_2\cap A_k\). Finally define \(A_k^o=\{f:f(z)={\partial^{k-1}\over \partial z^{k-1}}((1-|z|^2)^{k-1}F(z))\), \(F\in A_1, f\in A_kL_2\}\). It is shown in this paper that \(A_k^o, k=1,2,\ldots\) are mutually orthogonal spaces and that \(A_mL_2\) is the direct sum of \(A_k^o, k=1,\ldots,m\). The kernel of the orthogonal projection operator from \(A_mL_2\) onto \(A_k^o\) is also derived and the results are applied to find the best (in \(L_2\)-sense) rational polyanalytic approximant for a given polyanalytic function.