The genetic sums' representation for the moments of a system of Stieltjes functions and its application (Q1584544)

Let \(\{e_k\}_{k\geq 0}\) be the standard basis in \(\ell^2({\mathbb N})\) and let \(\{a_k\}_{k\geq 1}\) be a sequence of nonzero complex numbers. The authors consider the difference operator \(L\) defined on \(\ell^2({\mathbb N})\) by \[ L(e_0)=a_1e_p, \qquad L(e_k)=e_{k-1}+a_{k+1}e_{k+p}, \quad k\geq 1. \] This operator can be recovered from the system of Weyl functions \(f_j(z)=\langle (zI-L)^{-1}e_{j-1}, e_0\rangle\) (\(j=1,\ldots,p\)) which can be considered as a spectral data for \(L\). Furthermore, the functions \(f_j(z)\) turn out to be of the form \[ f_j(z)=z^{p-j+1}S_j(z^{p+1}), \quad j=1,\ldots,p \] and the system of functions \({\mathcal S}=\{S_1(z),\ldots,S_p(z)\}\) can be considered as an alternative spectral data for the operator \(L\). Making use of explicit formulas for the expansion coefficients of \(S_j(z)\) at infinity in terms of \(\{a_k\}\), the authors establish certain connections between \({\mathcal S}\) and the sequence \(\{a_k\}_{k\geq 1}\). In particular, if the sequence \(\{a_k\}_{k\geq 1}\) is positive, then functions \(S_j(z)\) are shown to be Stieltjes functions, i.e., of the form \[ S_j(z)=\int_0^\infty {{d\mu_j(x)}\over{x-z}},\quad j=1,\ldots,p. \] with nonnegative measures \(d\mu_j\) subject to \(\int_0^\infty {{d\mu_j(x)}\over{x+1}}<\infty\). Moreover, the measures \(d\mu_j\) have compact supports if and only if the sequence \(\{a_k\}_{k\geq 1}\) is bounded (i.e., if and only if \(L\) is a bounded operator). Furthermore, Hankel determinants corresponding to the system \({\mathcal S}\) are computed explicitly in terms of \(\{a_k\}\), which leads to a determinantal criteria for the positivity of the coefficients. The results are applied then to the discrete Korteweg-de Vries equation. A Lax representation for this system is obtained and in the case of bounded initial data the existence of a local solution and a global solution on the positive half-axis is proved.