The Kontsevich integral and Milnor's invariants (Q1585064)

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The Kontsevich integral and Milnor's invariants
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    The Kontsevich integral and Milnor's invariants (English)
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    13 July 2001
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    A string link with \(l\) components is a proper embedding \(T:\coprod_{i=1}^lI_i\rightarrow \mathbb C\times I\subset\mathbb R^3\) of an ordered disjoint collection of unit intervals in the band \(\mathbb C\times I\) of \(\mathbb R^3\) with \(T(0_i)=p_i\times 0\), \(T(1_i)=p_i\times 1\), \(\{0_i,1_i\}=\partial I_i\), where \(p_1<p_2<\ldots <p_l\) in \(\mathbb R\subset\mathbb C\) . In other words, it is a tangle without closed component. For a framed string link \(\sigma\) and its \(i\)-th component the longitude \(\lambda_i^n(\sigma)\) is defined as an element of the quotient group \(F(l)/F(l)_{n+1}\) of the free group \(F(l)\) on \(l\) free generators, where \(F(l)_{n+1}\) is the \((n+1)\)-th group of lower central series of \(F(l).\) The string link \(\sigma\) has the Milnor filtration \(n\), if all longitudes \(\lambda^i_n\) of \(\sigma\) are trivial in \(F(l)/F(l)_{n}\). The first non-vanishing Milnor invariants are particularly considered in the paper. The longitudes \(\lambda_i^n\) as the elements of \(F(l)_{n}/F(l)_{n+1}\) are called Milnor invariants of degree \(n\). The reduced Kontsevich integral \(Z^t\) is introduced for framed string links. The values of \(Z^t(\sigma)\) lie in quotient algebra \(\widehat A^t=\widehat A^t(\coprod_{i=1}^lI_i)\) of the completed chord diagram algebra \(\widehat A=\widehat A(\coprod_{i=1}^lI_i)\) on \(l\) disjoint intervals (possibly there exist dashed trivalent vertices). In \(A^{t}\) all trivalent diagrams containing a non-simply connected dashed component are considered as relations (equal zero). A string link \(\sigma\) has \(Z^t\)-filtration \(n\), if \(Z^t(\sigma)=1+O(n),\) where \(O(n)\) denotes terms of degree greater than or equal to \(n\). The first main result in the paper is the following series of assertions: (i) \(Z^t\) is a concordance invariant. (ii) The \(Z^t\)-filtration on string links coincides with the Milnor filtration. (iii) The first non-vanishing Milnor invariants of a string link \(\sigma\) are determined by the first non-vanishing term of \(Z^t(\sigma)-1\) (and vice versa) through the formula \(\mu_i^n(\sigma)=j_i(\xi)\) where \(Z^t(\sigma)=1+\xi+O{n+1}\) and \(\xi\) is a primitive element in the Hopf algebra \(\widehat A^t\), which can be represented as tree Chinese character with labelled edges. The operation \(j_i\) takes a labelled tree to the sum of labelled trees obtained by replacing label \(i\), on one of the vertices, with label 0. Similar results are valid for homotopy Milnor invariants of string links. The second main result gives the global representations of longitudes of string links. Let \(\beta_i\) be the braid which crosses \(0\)-th string over the string labelled \(1\) to \(i-1\). Let \(D_i\) be the map of pure braid groups \(D_i: PB(l)\rightarrow PB(l+1)\) obtained by doubling the \(i\)-th string. (i) Let \(\lambda_i\) be the longitude of \(\sigma\in PB(l)\). In \(PB(l)\), one has the formula \[ \lambda_i=(1_0\times\sigma)^{-1}\beta_iD_i(\sigma)\beta_i^{-1} \] where \(1_0\times\sigma\) denotes the element of \(PB(l+1)\) obtained by adding a trivial \(0\)-th string on the left. By multiplicativity of the Kontsevich integral we have a similar expansion for its value on \(\lambda_i.\) (iii) For a string link \(\sigma\) on \(l\) strings and \(\lambda_i\) the \(i\)-th longitude, one has the formula \[ \mu(\lambda_i)=(\Psi\circ\pi^{t,h})(Z(1_0\times\sigma)^{-1}D_i(Z(\beta_i)Z(\sigma)(Z(\beta_i)^{-1})) \] where both sides are the elements of the primitive elements subspace of the Hopf algebra \(\hat A^{t,h}\). \(A^{t,h}\) is the quotient of \(A^t\) by the relations generated by chord diagrams containing a chord between the same components and \(\pi^{t,h}\) is the projection onto \(A^{t,h}\). \(\Psi\) is an automorphism of the primitive elements subspace of the form \(\Psi(a)=a+O(n+1)\), if \(a\) has degree \(n\). (iv) Some of the realization results for primitive elements by first non-zero elements of \(Z^t\) are proved. Also, it is shown that \(Z^t\) is the universal finite type concordance invariant and one separates pure braids.
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    string links
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    finite type invariants
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    chord diagrams
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    link concordance
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    Milnor's \(\mu\)-invariants
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