Normal forms of ``near similarity'' transformations and linear matrix equations (Q1587889)

Near similarity transformations are generated by some matrix equations. By a similarity transformation we mean the transformation \(A(t) \rightarrow T^{-1}(t)A(t)T(t)\), where \(A(t)\) and \(T(t)\) are \(n \times n\) complex matrix-valued functions \(A(t)= \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}A_kt^{-k}\) and \(T(t)= \sum_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}T_kt^{-k/p}\) with \(p\in {\mathbb N}\), \(m\in \mathbb{Z}\). \(A_k\), \(T_k\) could be matrices over any algebraically closed field \(\mathcal{F}\) of characteristic zero and \(t \in \mathcal{F}\). The linear change of variable \(Y=TX\) to the new matrix \(X\) generates the transformation \(A(t) \rightarrow T^{-1}(t)A(t)T(t)-t^{1-r} T^{-1}(t)T'(t)\). If \(r\) (Poincaré rank) \(> 0\), this transformation is called a near similarity transformation. The main subject of the study are normal forms of near similarity transformations. Normal forms of a matrix \(A(t)\) with respect to different types of similarity transformation could be reduced to e.~g. the standard Jordan form, triangular form, Frobenius form and Arnold form. These forms are used to solve various matrix problems as a singularly perturbed matrix differential equation, a difference equation or a linear matrix differential equation with irregular singularity \(t^{1-r}Y'(t) = A(t)Y(t)\), \(r\in {\mathbb N}\), where \(A(t)\) is determined by the reduction to its Jordan form.