On the large time behavior of the heat kernels of quasiperiodic differential operators (Q1589330)

Let \(L=-{\partial \over\partial x_i}a_{ij} (x){\partial \over \partial x_j}\) be a second-order uniformly elliptic differential operator in \(\mathbb{R}^n\). It is assumed that \(a_{ij}\) are quasiperiodic, i.e. there exist frequencies \(\omega^1,\dots, \omega^m\in \mathbb{R}^n\) and periodic functions \(\varphi_{ij}\) such that \(a_{ij}(x)= \varphi_{ij} (\omega^1x, \dots,\omega^m x)\), and the frequencies \(\omega^1, \dots, \omega^m\) satisfy Kozlov's condition. It is remarked that as for the smoothness of \(a_{ij}\) only \(C^\alpha\) continuity for some \(a\in (0,1)\) is sufficient. Let \(p_t(x,y)\) be the fundamental solution of the heat equation \((\partial/ \partial t+L)u(t,x) =0\). Let \[ q_{ij}= \left \langle a_{ij} (x)+a_{i\ell} (x){\partial \over\partial x_\ell} \chi^j(x) \right \rangle, \quad L_H=-q_{ij} {\partial\over \partial x_i}{\partial \over\partial x_j}, \] where \(\chi^j\), \(j=1, \dots,n\), are the correctors and \(\langle f \rangle\) denotes the mean value of a quasiperiodic function \(f\). Let \(p_t^H (x,y)\) be the fundamental solution of the equation \((\partial/ \partial t+L_H) u(t,x)=0\). The author proves that there exists a constant \(c>0\) such that \[ \bigl\|p_t(x,y) -p_t^H(x,y) \bigr\|_\infty \leq ct^{-(n+1)/2}, \] and that the Riesz transforms \(R_i=\partial/ \partial x_iL^{-1/2}\) and \(R^*_i= L^{-1/2} \partial/ \partial x_i\), \(i=1,\dots,n\), are bounded on \(L^p\), for \(p\in (1,\infty)\) and from \(L^1\) to weak-\(L^1\).