On the argument oscillation of conformal maps (Q1590957)

Let \(D\) and \(T\) denote the unit disk and the unit circle in the complex plane, respectively. Throughout, let \(f\) be a conformal mapping with domain \(D\). For \(\zeta\in T\), let \(f(\zeta)\) denote the angular limit of \(f\) at \(\zeta\), whenever this angular limit exists, and this limit is known to exist except on a subset of \(T\) of capacity zero. If, in addition, \(\lim_{z\to\zeta, z\in D}f(z)= f(\zeta)\), then we say that \(f\) is continuous at \(\zeta\). For a point \(\zeta\in T\) for which \(f(\zeta)\) exists, let \(g_\zeta(z)= \log[f(z)- f(\zeta)]\). For \(\zeta\in T\), let \[ E(\zeta)= \{\zeta'\in T:\text{both }f(\zeta')\text{ and }g_\zeta(\zeta')\text{ exist and are finite}\}. \] It is known that the set \(T\setminus E(\zeta)\) has capacity zero for each \(\zeta\in T\) for which \(E(\zeta)\) exists. Finally, let \(\text{OSC}= \limsup-\liminf\), provided that both \(\limsup\) and \(\liminf\) exist and are finite; otherwise we define \(\text{OSC}= \infty\). For \(\zeta\in T\) such that \(f(\zeta)\) exists and is finite, let \[ \Delta(\zeta)= \text{OSC}_{z\to\zeta, z\in D}\arg{f(z)- f(\zeta)\over z-\zeta}. \] The authors prove several results about the oscillation of \(\arg[f(z)- f(\zeta)]\) as \(z\to\zeta\in T\). Here are two typical results. Theorem 1. Let \(f\) be a conformal mapping with domain \(D\). If \(\zeta\in T\) is such that \(f(\zeta)\) exists, and if \(\text{OSC}_{2\to\zeta,z\in D}\arg[f(z)- f(\zeta)]< 2\pi\), then \(f\) is continuous at \(\zeta\), except for countably many \(\zeta\in T\). The constant \(2\pi\) is best possible. Theorem 3. Let \(f\) be a conformal mapping with domain \(D\). If \(\zeta\in T\) and \(f(\zeta)\) exists and is finite, then \[ \Delta(\zeta)= \text{OSC}_{\eta\to\zeta, \eta\in E(\zeta)} \arg{f(\eta)- f(\zeta)\over\eta- \zeta}. \] Further, if \(f\) is continuous at \(\zeta\), then \[ \text{OSC}_{r\to 1-} \arg[f(r\zeta)- f(\zeta)]\leq \Delta(\zeta)\leq 3\pi+ \text{OSC}\arg_{z\to \zeta,z\in C} [f(z)- f(\zeta)], \] where \(C\) is any curve in \(D\cup\{\zeta\}\) ending at \(\zeta\). The constant \(3\pi\) is best possible. Some results are also given for one sided oscillation of the argument at a point \(\zeta\in T\), that is, where \(\eta\to \zeta\), \(n\in E(\zeta)\) in a one sided manner.