Laurent-Jacobi matrices and the Strong Hamburger Moment Problem (Q1591303)

Let the linear space \({\mathcal L}=\text{span} \{z^k, k\in {\mathbb{Z}}\}\) be endowed with an inner product \(\langle \cdot,\cdot\rangle_{\mathcal L}\) such that \(\langle f(z),g(z)\rangle_{\mathcal L}=\langle f(z)\overline{g(\bar{z})}, 1\rangle_{\mathcal L}\) for \(f,g\in{\mathcal L}\). Let \(\Phi=\{\phi_n\}_{n=0}^\infty\) be the orthonormal basis for \({\mathcal L}\) obtained by the Gram-Schmidt process applied to the sequence \(1,z^{-1},z,z^{-2},z^2,\dots\). The matrix representation of the operator of multiplication by \(z\) in \({\mathcal L}\) with respect to the basis \(\Phi\) leads to a five-diagonal Laurent-Jacobi matrix, which is real and symmetric. This matrix in turn, generates a symmetric operator \({\mathcal J}\) in the Hilbert space \(\ell^2\) with the canonical basis \(\{e_n\}_{n=0}^\infty\). This operator has equal defficiency indices \((0,0)\) or \((1,1)\). The authors give a characterization of self-adjoint operators that are generated by a Laurent-Jacobi matrix with defficiency indices \((0,0)\). This characterization is an analogue of \textit{M. H. Stone}'s theorem [Linear transformations in Hilbert space and their applications to Analysis, Am. Math. Soc. Colloq. Publ. 15, New York (1932; Zbl 0005.40003)] where the case of ordinary polynomials and three-diagonal Jacobi matrices has been treated. It is shown also that any self-adjoint extension of \({\mathcal J}\) leads to a solution of the following version of the Strong Hamburger Moment Problem: find a positive measure \(\mu\) on \({\mathbb{R}}\) such that 1) \(\int_{\mathbf R} f\overline{g} d\mu=\langle f,g\rangle_{\mathcal L}\) for \(f,g\in {\mathcal L}\) and 2) \({\mathcal L}\) is dense in \(L^2(d\mu)\). This problem has a unique solution of \({\mathcal J}\) is self-adjoint and it has infinitely many solutions of \({\mathcal J}\) has deficiency indices \((1,1)\).