On entire functions whose derivatives are integer-valued on geometric progressions (Q1591395)

Extending results of G. Pólya and \textit{A. O. Gelfond} [Atti Accad. Naz. Lincei Rend. (6) 10, 569-574 (1929; JFM 55.0778.01)], G. A. Fridman gave a lower estimate for the growth order \[ A(f) = \limsup_{r \to \infty} {\log\log \sup|f(z)|_{|z|\leq r} \over r} \] for entire [transcendental] functions \(f\), satisfying the condition that \(f^{(\sigma)}(n)\) is an integer for \(\sigma = 0, 1, 2, \ldots\) and \(n \in {\mathbb N}\). Using Gelfond\('\)s method, the author investigates entire functions which, together with all their derivatives, assume integer values [from an algebraic number field] at all points \(q, q^2, q^3, \ldots\), where \(q > 1\). The author's main theorem gives a best-possible upper estimate for \[ \log {\mathcal M}(r,f) = \log \sup_{|z|\leq r} |f(z)| \] for entire functions with the property stated above, and he constructs an example of such a function with ``small'' growth \[ \limsup_{r \to \infty} {\log\log {\mathcal M}(r,f) \over \log^2 r} = {1 \over 4 \log q}. \] The Hermite-Lindemann theorem concerning the transcendence of values of the exponential function at algebraic arguments \((\not= 0)\) is a consequence of the author's main theorem. Due to its generality, the main theorem is rather complicated: Given \(q > 1\), and a sequence \((u_n)\) of distinct elements of an algebraic number field \({\mathbf K}\) of degree \(d\), assume that the entire function \(f\) has values \(f^{(\sigma)}(n)\in {\mathbf K}\) for \(\sigma,n \in {\mathbb N}\cup \{0\}\), and satisfies \(\log {\mathcal M}(r,f)\leq\exp ( \gamma \cdot {\log^2 r \over \log q})\) for some \(\gamma < {1 \over 4d}\). Then \(f\) is a polynomial, if (i) \(\max_{0 \leq n \leq N} \max (u_n, \text{ denominator}(u_n)) \leq q^{N+o(N)}\), (ii) \(\max_{0 \leq n \leq N} \text{lcm} [ \text{den}(f(u_n)), \ldots, \text{den}(f^\kappa(u_n))] \leq \kappa + \exp(\gamma N^2 \log q+ o(N^2))\) for \(\kappa = 0, 1, 2, \ldots\), (iii) \(\max_{0 \leq n \leq N} \log_+ {f^\kappa(u_n)} \leq \log (\kappa!) + \exp (\gamma N^2 \log q + o(N^2))\).