Groupoids and the integration of Lie algebroids (Q1592429)

A groupoid is a small category all of whose morphisms are invertible. The concept of groupoid is hence a generalization of the concept of group, the only difference being that not any two elements of a groupoid are composable. A differential groupoid is a groupoid whose space of morphisms and space of units are differentiable manifolds (possibly with corners) such that all structural maps are differentiable and the domain map is a submersion. To a differential groupoid one can associate a Lie algebroid, which is a vector bundle, whose sections identify with the right invariant vector fields on the groupoid that are tangent to the fibers of the domain map. This construction generalizes the construction which associates to a Lie group its Lie algebra. (It would be more logical to use the term ``Lie groupoid'' instead of ``differential groupoid'', but this term already designates a different concept [see \textit{K. Mackenzie}, Lie groupoids and Lie algebroids in differential geometry, Lect. Notes Ser. 124, London Mathematical Society (1987; Zbl 0683.53029)]). Unlike finite-dimensional Lie algebras, Lie algebroids do not always correspond to differentiable groupoids. If a Lie algebroid corresponds to a differential groupoid, we say that it can be integrated. A motivation for integrating Lie algebroid is given by the results of [\textit{V. Nistor}, \textit{A. Weinstein} and \textit{P. Xu}, Pac. J. Math. 189, No. 1, 117-152 (1999; Zbl 0940.58014)], which show how to associate pseudodifferential operators to a differential groupoid. In this paper, several results on the integrability of specific Lie algebroids are proved. A main result is that a Lie algebroid on a stratified manifold is integrable if, and only if, its restriction to each stratum is integrable. These results allow us then to construct a large class of algebras of pseudodifferential operators; they are also relevant for the definition of the graph of certain singular foliations on manifolds with corners and for the construction of natural algebras of pseudodifferential operators on complex algebraic varieties.