Periodic solutions of a Liénard equation with forcing term (Q1593684)

The author studies the existence of periodic solutions for the following Liénard equation \[ x''(t) + \frac{d}{dt}[F(x(t))] + g(t, x(t)) = e(t), \] where \(e(t)\) is \(2\pi\)-periodic in \(t\). Under the following conditions (1) \(g(t,s)s > 0\) for \(|s|\geq d\); (2) the average value of \(e\) is zero; (3) \(\limsup_{|s|\to\infty}\frac{g(t,s)^2}{s^2/4 + F(s)^2}\leq\mu < 1/4\); the existence of a \(2\pi\)-periodic solution is proved by topological degree theory. Comparing to previous results, the function \(g\) can depend on \(t\). Moreover, if the functions \(F\), \(g\) and \(e\) satisfy some appropriate symmetries, then there exists a \(2\pi\)-periodic, odd solution.