Estimation of the Fourier coefficients of functions from Lorentz spaces (Q1594056)

The main result of this paper (Theorem 1) states that for any orthonormal system \(\{\varphi_n\}\) of complex-valued functions on \([0,1]\) satisfying \(\|\varphi_n\|_\infty\leq M,\) \(n=1,2,\dots,\) and for any function \(f\in L_{2q},\) \(2<q\leq\infty,\) where \[ \|f\|_{pq}= \left(\int_0^1(x^{1/p}f^*(x))^q x^{-1}dx \right)^{1/q} \] is the norm in the Lorentz space (\(1\leq p\leq\infty\)) provided \(f^*(x)=\inf\{y: \lambda(f,y)\leq x\}\) and \(\lambda(f,y)=\text{{mes}}\{|f(x)|>y\},\) the Fourier coefficients \(\{c_n\}\) of \(f\) with respect to this system satisfy the inequality \[ c_n^*\leq AMn^{-1/2}(\log n)^{1/2-1/q}\|f\|_{pq}, \qquad n=2,3,\dots, \] where \(\{c_n^*\}\) is a nonincreasing permutation of \(\{|c_n|\}.\) Theorem 2 gives an estimate from below which shows that the above result is sharp. This implies that the analogue of the Hausdorff-Young and Riesz theorems cannot be extended to the spaces \(L_{2q}\) if \(q\neq 2,\) unlike in the case of \(L_{pq},\) \(1<p<2\) and \(1\leq q\leq\infty,\) for which \textit{Y. Sagher} [Studia Math. 41, 45-70 (1972; Zbl 0244.46045)] proved that such an analogue is valid. Complete proofs of Theorems 1 and 2 are given in this brief note. In addition, Theorem 3 states (no proof is given in this note) the existence of a strengthened Carleman singularity for general orthonormal systems.